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必須接反身代詞作賓語的英語動(dòng)詞
導(dǎo)語:根據(jù)英語語法,及物動(dòng)詞必須后接賓語,但有些及物動(dòng)詞,但它后面接只能接反身代詞作賓語,而不能接其他成分作賓語。英語中的這類動(dòng)詞非常有限,最常見的有 absent, avail, pride等。如:
1. absent
absent 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),只用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“缺席”,只接反身代詞作賓語。表示“做某事缺席”,其后也接介詞 from。如:
He absented himself from the meeting. 他沒有出席會(huì)議。
Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天為什么沒來上課?
They’ve arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting. 他們安排好讓我一部分時(shí)間不在開會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
2. avail
You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切機(jī)會(huì)說英語。
表示“使用”“利用”時(shí),雖為及物動(dòng)詞,但只能接反身代詞作賓語,且主要用于avail oneself of(利用)這一結(jié)構(gòu),注意不能直接跟所利用的東西作賓語,如:
誤:You must avail every opportunity to speak English.
3. pride
pride 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),總是以反身代詞作賓語,且主要用于pride oneself on [upon] (doing) sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
She prided herself on being a Chinese. 她以自己是中國(guó)人為榮。
He prides himself on his ability to speak French. 他以會(huì)說法語而自豪。
He prided himself on knowing 10 languages. 他為自己懂得10種語言而自豪。
“動(dòng)詞+反身代詞”的常用結(jié)構(gòu)歸納
1. abandon oneself to 沉溺于,縱情:
He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自棄。
2. advertise oneself 自吹自擂:
Stop advertising yourself. 別再吹噓自己了。
3. bend oneself to 專心于,集中精力于:
He bent himself to the completion of his task. 他專心完成工作。
4. commit oneself on 對(duì)…表態(tài)(承諾或表明意見):
He didn’t want to commit himself on that matter. 他不想就那樣做任何承諾。
5. commit oneself to 保證,承諾:
Sorry, I’ve committed myself to working for Jim. 對(duì)不起,我已答應(yīng)為吉姆做事。
6. conduct oneself 舉止,行為:
He conducted himself in a most gracious manner. 他表現(xiàn)得極為溫文爾雅。
7. content oneself with 滿足于,滿意于:
He contented himself with his present salary. 他對(duì)自己現(xiàn)在的薪水感動(dòng)滿意。
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我們切不可滿足于僅有一點(diǎn)書本知識(shí)。
8. devote oneself to 致力于,獻(xiàn)身于:
He devoted himself entirely to music. 他把自己完全奉獻(xiàn)給音樂。
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research. 畢業(yè)之后他繼續(xù)致力于研究工作。
9. employ oneself in (doing) sth 忙于做某事(有時(shí)用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)):
He employed himself in writing. 他忙于寫作。
He was employed in watering the garden. 他忙于澆花園。
10. enjoy oneself 過得愉快,玩得痛快:
I enjoyed myself at the party. 這次聚會(huì)我很快活。
11. express oneself表達(dá)自己的意思:
I don’t know if I’ve expressed myself clearly. 我的意思不知是否講清了。
He expresses himself in good clear English. 他能用正確清楚的英語表達(dá)思想。
12. flatter oneself 自認(rèn)為:
We flatter ourselves that we call do without their help. 我們自認(rèn)為我們可以不需要他們的幫助。
13. make a fool of oneself 出丑,鬧笑話:
Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night.I must have been drunk. 對(duì)不起,我昨晚真是出丑了,我一定是喝醉了。
14. make oneself [one’s voice] heard 使自己的聲音被聽見:
I couldn’t make myself heard above the noise. 我的聲音被喧鬧聲淹沒了。
15. make oneself understood 清楚地表達(dá)自己的意思,使自己的意思為人所理解:
Can he make himself understood in English? 他能用英語表達(dá)自己的意思嗎?
16. make oneself scarce 溜走,躲開:
He’s in a bad mood so I’ll make myself scarce. 他情緒不好,我得躲著點(diǎn)。
17. do oneself justice 發(fā)揮自己的能力:
He didn’t do himself justice in the exams. 他在考試中沒有發(fā)揮出自己的能力。
18. list oneself as 把自己列為…一類:
He listed himself as a Marxist. 他將自己列為馬克思主義者。
19. lose oneself in專心致志于:
I soon lost myself in the excitement of the film. 影片中的刺激情節(jié)很快就把我吸引住了。
20. pull oneself together 控制感情,使自己鎮(zhèn)靜:
Pull yourself together and stop crying. 控制一下你自己,別哭了。
21. repeat oneself 重說自己的話,重做自己做過的事:
Am I repeating myself? 我以前說過這事嗎?
History will not repeat itself. 歷史不會(huì)重演。
22. resign oneself to 聽任,順從:
I resigned myself to a long wait in line. 我只好在長(zhǎng)隊(duì)中等候。
23. respect oneself自尊,自重:
No girl who respected herself would go out dressed like that. 任何一個(gè)自重的女孩都不會(huì)穿著那樣的衣服出門。
24. revenge oneself on sb 向某人報(bào)仇:
He was determined to revenge himself on his father’s murderer. 他決心要向殺害他父親的兇手報(bào)仇。
25. save oneself the bother of doing sth 省得自己麻煩去做某事:
I should have phoned the shop first and saved myself the bother of going there. 我本來應(yīng)該先給商店打個(gè)電話的,這樣也就省得我走一趟。
26. say to oneself 心里想:
I said to myself, “I’ll do it this way.” 我心里想:“我就這樣做。”
27. seat oneself 就坐:
Please seat yourself. 請(qǐng)坐。
He seated himself near the window. 他在窗戶邊坐下。
28. speak for oneself 不言而喻,不辯自明:
The company has had a very successful year: the figures speak for themselves. 該公司本年度非常成功,一看數(shù)字便知道。
29. suit oneself 隨自己的愿意:
You don’t want to come? Well, suit yourself. 你不想來,那好,隨你便。
30. throw oneself into 全身心投入:
After my girlfriend left me, I threw myself into my work. 女朋友離開我之后,我把整個(gè)身心都投入到工作中去了。
31. throw oneself on sb’s mercy 請(qǐng)求某人寬恕:
They didn’t throw themselves on her mercy. 他們沒有向她請(qǐng)求寬恕。
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