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GMAT寫(xiě)作布局策略詳解
寫(xiě)作部分是GMAT考試?yán)镆粋�(gè)典型的題目，GMAT寫(xiě)作怎么寫(xiě)才能夠拿高分，想要拿到高分，作文中段落和句子的布局就很重要了，下面小編就來(lái)為大家介紹一下吧!
一、我們要瀏覽GMAT作文題目、審題(分析題目的結(jié)論、論據(jù)和假設(shè))并寫(xiě)出開(kāi)頭段
審題和開(kāi)頭段同時(shí)進(jìn)行，一邊看題一邊寫(xiě)，這不是回避邏輯錯(cuò)誤，GMAT考試而是將審題、找錯(cuò)和寫(xiě)作有機(jī)地結(jié)合。第一段的任務(wù)無(wú)非就是指出論題的結(jié)論、假設(shè)、論據(jù)，并指出題目有錯(cuò)誤。同學(xué)們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們寫(xiě)作第一段的時(shí)候，邏輯錯(cuò)誤會(huì)不斷的涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而當(dāng)我們把有問(wèn)題的假設(shè)以及原論證的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)清理以后，該論證所存在的所有問(wèn)題也就都暴露出來(lái)了。
二、在寫(xiě)完開(kāi)頭段并審好題后，大家要趁著頭腦清醒，把主要的邏輯問(wèn)題都打出來(lái)
原文可能出現(xiàn)六七個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤，而大家只需要從中挑出3-4個(gè)最主要的進(jìn)行有利的攻擊就可以了。因?yàn)檫@篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取決于與你能否抓住主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤。也就是說(shuō)，如果你忽視了非常致命的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，那么即使你把其它的錯(cuò)誤批駁得再好，所用的語(yǔ)言再美，字?jǐn)?shù)再多，最后照樣不及格。有人擔(dān)心是不是要把所有的錯(cuò)誤都清理出來(lái)，實(shí)際上大家只要把主要的錯(cuò)誤都清理出來(lái)，進(jìn)行有利的攻擊，同樣可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一樣。這樣做的另一個(gè)好處是可以節(jié)約時(shí)間，因?yàn)榭忌谡膶?xiě)作時(shí)往往會(huì)把順手的段落大寫(xiě)特寫(xiě)，力爭(zhēng)在某點(diǎn)上把敵人駁的體無(wú)完膚，但是等到意識(shí)到有其它的重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤未被談及的時(shí)候，時(shí)間卻已經(jīng)到了。而首先列出提綱則可以提醒我們點(diǎn)到為止，切實(shí)做到合理分配時(shí)間。與其把一個(gè)問(wèn)題分析的特別透徹，不如把所有的主要問(wèn)題都涉及到，即使不很透徹，也比前者要好。簡(jiǎn)而言之，Argument這部分展開(kāi)批駁的時(shí)候，與其“斷其一指”，不如“傷其四指”。
三、在完成了提綱之后，就要逐一展開(kāi)正文段落了
正文段落的展開(kāi)有兩種的順序，第一種就是先攻擊主要的問(wèn)題，GMAT寫(xiě)作在第一個(gè)段落批駁最重要的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，也花最多的筆墨，以后字?jǐn)?shù)和重要性逐級(jí)遞減。另外一種就是以論證的邏輯關(guān)系為序一層一層的批駁。不論何種方式，都應(yīng)遵循展開(kāi)文章的一個(gè)整體原則，也就是挑你最有話可說(shuō)的先說(shuō)。實(shí)際上，順序是可以在檢查時(shí)通過(guò)剪切和復(fù)制調(diào)整的。
一般情況下都是一段攻擊一個(gè)主要的邏輯問(wèn)題。如果邏輯錯(cuò)誤很多，那么可以在最后一個(gè)正文段集中批判一下，而最后一段中的每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)到為止即可。對(duì)于除此以外的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，我們都應(yīng)該至少提供一個(gè)能批駁原論證的反例或假設(shè)。而對(duì)于正文段落(除去開(kāi)頭段和結(jié)尾段)的數(shù)量，沒(méi)有正確或錯(cuò)誤之分，但由于每篇官方 Argument文章都含有2個(gè)以上的正文段，我們的文章的正文段數(shù)量最好應(yīng)達(dá)到2至4段,全篇最好為4至6段,每個(gè)正文段針對(duì)一個(gè)主要的問(wèn)題, 每段以4-8句話為宜。句子太少會(huì)導(dǎo)致論證不充分,而如果一段超過(guò)8句必然有重復(fù)的內(nèi)容,論證效果就會(huì)有缺陷，因此每段的句子數(shù)量并非越多越好。
結(jié)尾段的功能只有兩個(gè)，即再次指出原論證有錯(cuò)誤，并指出如何能彌補(bǔ)該錯(cuò)誤。
延伸閱讀：GMAT寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)低的七個(gè)原因
第一、樣本不足
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
第二、無(wú)因果聯(lián)系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.
第三、錯(cuò)誤類比
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....
第四、時(shí)地全等
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
第五、二者擇一
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
第六、結(jié)論無(wú)據(jù)
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.
第七、可疑調(diào)查
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that...would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.
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