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考研英語(yǔ)核心語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
總結(jié)是對(duì)某一階段的工作、學(xué)習(xí)或思想中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或情況進(jìn)行分析研究的書(shū)面材料，它能幫我們理順知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，突出重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn)，讓我們來(lái)為自己寫(xiě)一份總結(jié)吧。那么總結(jié)有什么格式呢？下面是小編為大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)核心語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(V+ing, V+ed)
1、動(dòng)名詞
（1）作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
[例句] Saying is easier than doing.
[譯文] 說(shuō)比做容易。
（2）作介詞賓語(yǔ)
[例句] We get pleasure from loving and being loved.
[譯文] 我們從愛(ài)別人和被別人愛(ài)中得到快樂(lè)。
2、分詞作定語(yǔ)
（1）前置
[例句] The beginning student should be given more encouragement.
[譯文] 初學(xué)者應(yīng)多給予鼓勵(lì)。
[例句] A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.
[譯文] 均衡的食物使你的身體獲得營(yíng)養(yǎng)。
�。�2）后置
[例句] Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.
[譯文] 靠山吃山。
[例句] Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.
[譯文] 小時(shí)候受過(guò)良好教育的兒童長(zhǎng)大會(huì)成為好公民。
3、分詞作狀語(yǔ)
[例句] Hearing the news, they immediately set offfor Shanghai.
[譯文] 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們立即出發(fā)到上海去了。
[例句] Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.
[譯文] 從這個(gè)塔上遠(yuǎn)眺，紫金山南麓是樹(shù)的海洋。
[例句] Printed white, the house looks bigger.
[譯文] 漆成白色后，這房子像是更大了。
[例句] Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while.
[譯文] 寫(xiě)完一封重要的信之后，我聽(tīng)了一會(huì)兒音樂(lè)。
4、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
[例句] Mary coming back, they discussed it together.
[例句] When mary came back, they discussed it together.
[譯文] 瑪麗回來(lái)后，他們一起討論了那件事。
[例句] Health and persistence given, one can dogreat things.
[例句] If health and persistence are given, one can dogreat things.
[譯文] 有健康的身體和頑強(qiáng)的毅力的話，一個(gè)人才能做出偉大的事情。
[例句] The moon having risen, they took a walk inthe fields.
[例句] When the moon had risen, they took a walk inthe fields.
[譯文] 月亮升起后，他們?cè)谔镆袄锷⒉健?/p>
[例句] So much time having been spent, the work isonly half done.
[例句] Though so much time has been spent, the work isonly half done.
[譯文] 雖然花了這么多時(shí)間，這項(xiàng)工作才做了一半。
二、定語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
[例句] He has one sister who is working in the city.
[例句] He has one sister, who is working in the city.
[例句] The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.
[譯文] 他提出的建議將在會(huì)上討論。
[例句] The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed atthe meeting.
[譯文] 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從國(guó)外進(jìn)口更多設(shè)備這個(gè)建議將在會(huì)上討論。
[例句] Part of the fame of Allen’s book is itscontention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”
[譯文] 愛(ài)倫的書(shū)之所以出名，部分原因是因?yàn)樗q論的觀點(diǎn)，即： “環(huán)境并未造就人，而是揭示了人的本性。
三、名詞性從句
[例句] He ate what he paid for.
[例句] He ate the food that he paid for.
[譯文] 他吃他買的東西。
[例句] The question is how we can get the loan.
[譯文] 問(wèn)題是如何獲得貸款。
[例句] He told them who he was and what he haddone in the past.
[例句] In general, the tests work mosteffectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined andleast effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.
[譯文] 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)所需測(cè)定的性質(zhì)能夠精確定義時(shí)，測(cè)試最為有效；而當(dāng)所需測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的對(duì)象不能明確定義時(shí)，測(cè)試效果最差。
[例句] The Greeks assumed that the structure oflanguage had some connection with the process of thought, which took root inEurope long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
[譯文] 希臘人認(rèn)為本語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過(guò)程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系，這種觀點(diǎn)早在人們意識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別之前就已經(jīng)在歐洲扎下了根。
[例句] A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to getthe “right” answers.
[譯文] 在谷歌上進(jìn)行一次搜索便會(huì)產(chǎn)生0.2到7.0克的二氧化碳，具體數(shù)值取決于人們得到“正確”答案所需的查詢次數(shù)。
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法形式錯(cuò)誤及糾錯(cuò)分析
1.破句
破句又稱為“片語(yǔ)”，也是寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤之一。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，破句就是斷句，它在語(yǔ)義上是不完整的、在語(yǔ)法上是不正確的。如：
【例1】
誤：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday.Trying to find a garage to repair my car.
正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday，trying to find a garage to repair my car.
【例2】
誤：Talking with an old friend usually reviving old memories.Such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.
正：Talking with an old friend，one can usually revive old memories，such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.
【例3】
誤：The class often starts late.For example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.
正：The class of ten starts late，for example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.
【例4】
誤：The whole area is honey combed by caves.Many of which are still unexplored.
正：The whole area is honey combed by caves，many of which are still unexplored.
【例5】
誤：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage are given as decimal.
正：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.
2.融合句
所謂融合句，就是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或連詞而融合在一起。如：
【例1】
誤：The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.
正：The girl made the fire，and the boy cooked the steaks.
【例2】
誤：There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.
正：There is no fool who is happy，and no wise man who is not.(世上沒(méi)快樂(lè)的愚人，也沒(méi)有不快樂(lè)的智者。)
訂閱收藏考研英語(yǔ)主觀題40分攻略
【例3】
誤：The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.
正：The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.
【例4】
誤：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it you may succeed.
正：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of contribution.Try it，and you may succeed.
【例5】
誤：Johnson decided to quit smoking.he didnt want to die of lung cancer.
正：Johnson decided to quit smoking，because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.
3.懸垂修飾語(yǔ)
修飾語(yǔ)必須非常明確地修飾句子中的某一個(gè)詞或某一組詞。懸垂修飾是指修飾語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間產(chǎn)生意義上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修飾某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上什么也沒(méi)有修飾，使修飾語(yǔ)處于懸浮狀態(tài)，無(wú)處著落。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是句子的主語(yǔ)。如果句子的主語(yǔ)不能充當(dāng)其邏輯主語(yǔ)，就得另加上邏輯主語(yǔ)，否則該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)便是懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)了。如：
【例1】
誤：To discover the truth about happiness，questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.
正：To discover the truth about happiness，we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.
【例2】
誤：When only a little girl，my father took me to New York.
正：When only a little girl，I was taken to New York by my father.
或：正：When I was only a little girl，my father took me to New York.
【例3】
誤：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.
正：After sitting up half the night，I finished my term paper.
【例4】
誤：Jogging slowly along the street，my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.
正：Jogging slowly along the street，I caught sight of many beautiful skirts.
【例5】
誤：While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing，many new buildings could be seen.
正：While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing，I saw many new buildings.
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