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英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：句子合成法詳解
想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)怎么能不知道句子的合成法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句(Simple Sentence)可以合成一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句(Compound Sentence)或復(fù)雜句(Complex Sentence)。通過(guò)句子的合成，我們得以更清楚地看出句子間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，而且還可以使句子多樣化，增加文章的豐姿。
現(xiàn)在就從三方面來(lái)看看句子合成法的問(wèn)題。
1. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：
(1) John ran away. He escaped the danger.
→ Running away, John escaped the danger.
(2) The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar.
→ The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
(3) The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted.
→ On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.
(4) Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice.
→ Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.
(5) The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally.
→ The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
2. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)并列句。例如：
(6) John was sad. He kept quiet.
→ John was sad but he kept quiet.
(7) Take the book. Leave it there.
→ Take the book or leave it there.
(8) Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache.
→ Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.
(9) Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard.
→ Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
3. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。例如：
(10) Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it.
→ We know that kelvin is getting rich.
(11) I like this book. It contains many amusing stories.
→ I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
(12) Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain?
→ Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?
(13) The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night.
→ The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
上面例子顯示，簡(jiǎn)單句由“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”(Subject + Predicate) 構(gòu)成，有時(shí)還附有修飾性的短語(yǔ)。并列句由至少兩個(gè)地位平等的并列分句透過(guò)并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunction)如“and, or, but, so, for”等連成。復(fù)雜句包括一個(gè)主句 (Main Clause)及至少一個(gè)從句 (Subordinate Clause)， 通過(guò)從屬連詞(Subordinating Conjunction) 如“That, since, because, when, if”等合成。從屬分句因功能不同而分成“名詞從句”(Noun Clause), “副詞從句”(Adverb Clause) 和“形容詞從句”(Adjective Clause)。
上述諸句式中，復(fù)雜句最為多采多姿，不妨多用。為了避免句子太長(zhǎng)，難以控制，一個(gè)復(fù)雜句最好不要超過(guò)三個(gè)從句。
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