英語句型看似復(fù)雜多變，其實源于兩大句型，即
�、僦髡Z+謂語+賓語(S+V+O)和
�、谥髡Z+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
本句型總共有4種形式，分別因謂語動詞的不同特點而決定謂語之后有無賓語或補足語，具體為：
1)主語+謂語
2)主語+謂語+賓語
3)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
4)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
每一成分皆可復(fù)雜化，由此加大了句子的理解難度。下面就演示一下這兩大基本句型是如何擴展成復(fù)雜的長難句的。
一、句子擴展：修飾成分加長
(一)鉆石①主謂賓句型
The boy (主語) likes (謂語) English (賓語).
1.主語擴展：
The clever boy likes English.
The boy with a book in his hand likes English.
The boy who is full of imagination likes English.
The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.
注：主語中心詞為the boy, 可以通過加形容詞、介詞短語、定語從句及其組合等成分使主語復(fù)雜化，從而增加理解難度。考研(課程)翻譯中的主語考點多為修飾成分繁多的主語。
2.謂語擴展：
The boy likes English very much.
The boy likes English out of interest.
The boy likes English influenced by his parents.
The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.
The boy liked English when he was five years old.
注：謂語動詞like通過添加副詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、狀語從句等進(jìn)行擴展，從而使句子變得復(fù)雜，增加了理解難度�？佳蟹g中注意找準(zhǔn)動詞及其修飾成分,以弄清邏輯關(guān)系。
3.賓語擴展：
The boy likes American English.
The boy likes English, the international language.
The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.
The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.
The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.
注：賓語English通過添加形容詞(短語)、同位語、定語從句、分詞短語及其組合進(jìn)行擴展，從而使簡單句變得復(fù)雜化。考研翻譯中要注意這些修飾成分，如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要找出邏輯主語等，定語從句要找出先行詞，等等。
(二)句型②主系表句型
The girl (主語) is (系動詞) Mary (表語).
各部分?jǐn)U展：
The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.
注：此句的擴展同上(也是通過添加修飾成分變復(fù)雜)，不再贅述。
二、句子擴展：成分替換