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W(xu)W(wng) > иԇ > иԇ13ȫ֌(sh)ڵĂ俼h

иԇ13ȫ֌(sh)ڵĂ俼h

l(f)rg:2017-04-18݋

YJBYSW(xu)W(wng)СҽBиԇ13ȫ֌(sh)ڵĂ俼hxϣЎ

1иxҪxȫĆ?

ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx(xing)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ֹ“__e`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһx(xing)?

2W(xu)g(sh)(qing)иɿ?

иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”⿼쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)

3P(gun)Iʲô?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c(din)_ӢZ

4ʲôǿԇеy}?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter

5ܲx?

“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԭt“xŸoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“MxǴ_(sh)xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing

6?jn)?sh)Ҫ?

ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZͬ

SadekŮʿf?jn)?sh)Խ෸eĿԾԽŶ!(d)300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!

7(f)h۷ֆ?

ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵġ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾ģõijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔ(ci)һ(zi)(f)hL(fng)U(xin)X֔(jn)

8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?

Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉݋(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}?yn)?ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ

9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x(xing)?

?yn)ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxˡFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”

10΁ÿһx}?

x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x(xing)_ԭͬrÿһe`x(xing)e`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_

Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee

11(x)(ji)}DzһҪļ(x)(ji)?

Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ?

ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)Ӌ(j)F(tun)(du)ЎׂɆTxߣtĕ@}Ŀ⣬ڳ}ĕrҲO_x(xing)?yn)length complexityor diction stand out

12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

a.ÿһZresponseǶһrater(Œ(sh)ϣETSvf17350raters)ĵģDZSC(j)ķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһrater(yn)ɶӰijһ˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ

b.ZģǴ_еġv˷һοпZdz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ(sh)|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)

13Zԇе¼?

ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you (dng)ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect

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